Understanding Employee Perspectives on Corporate Social Responsibility: Insights from Public and Private Sector Enterprises in Visakhapatnam, India

Abstract Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in India has shifted from a purely charitable notion to a strategic element of business that connects corporate goals with societal progress. The Companies Act, 2013, which requires certain firms to allocate funds for CSR activities, has formalized these efforts and encouraged companies to embed social responsibility into their core functions. The success of such initiatives often hinges on how employees perceive them, since they play a crucial role in both implementing and promoting CSR. Examining their levels of awareness, participation, and motivation offers key insights into how well CSR values are integrated within organizations. This study investigates employee perceptions of CSR, focusing on their awareness, involvement, and views on CSR’s strategic role in public and private enterprises in Visakhapatnam, India. Using a quantitative research design, primary data was gathered from employees with varying educational backgrounds, managerial positions, income ranges, and levels of work experience. Results indicate that demographic and professional factors have a significant impact on how CSR is viewed. Public sector employees tended to align more strongly with organizational CSR goals, while those in the private sector were more likely to highlight its strategic and brand-related benefits. Differences in perception were also observed across income brackets, experience levels, and job designations, revealing a complex and multifaceted understanding of CSR among employees. The findings highlight the need to strengthen employee engagement and awareness to amplify CSR’s strategic value and support ethical, socially responsible business practices.