Nanomaterials integrated with multiple technologies increase the diagnostic efficacy of biomarkers for neurological diseases: A narrative review

Nanomaterials have attracted attention in the field of neurological diseases due to the advantages of diversity, modifiability, biocompatibility, chemical stability, and thermal stability. This article reviews the mechanisms and properties of various nanomaterials, including quantum dots, magnetic nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterials, polymer nanoparticles, and nanocomposites. It also elucidates the research and application progress in biomarker detection for neurological diseases and bioimaging in the field of neural repair. In the field of neurobiomarker detection, nanomaterials can integrate multiple technical approaches to achieve highly sensitive and rapid biomarker detection, which significantly enhances experimental efficiency and the reliability of experimental results. In the fields of bioimaging and neural repair, nanomaterials can be combined with fluorescent molecules to accelerate the real-time localization of lesions, improving their diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy. In addition, the use of nanomaterials integrated with tissue engineering scaffolds offer a novel approach for neural repair. At present, the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases are gradually shifting from a single-modal paradigm to a multi-modal paradigm. This shift reflects the evolution of diagnostic detection methods from single detection methods to integrated multiple detection techniques. Artificial intelligence technologies have also been introduced for screening effective targets. When combined with nanomaterials, these technologies can enhance the efficacy of neurological disease diagnosis and treatment.