An All-in-One-Integrated Self-Powered Wearable Sensing System for Multimodal Health Monitoring

The integration of multimodal sensors, energy harvesting, and storage modules facilitates the advancement of intelligent wearable electronic products. However, existing modular construction strategies have low integration levels, leading to cumbersome devices that may compromise the stability and reliability of signal acquisition. Here, we propose an all-in-one design strategy by integrating the three modules into a single polymer substrate prepared via laser-induced graphene technology to construct a fully integrated self-powered multimodal sensing system. This sensing system consists of bioenergy harvesting modules (lactate biofuel cells), flexible energy storage modules (Zn/MnO₂ batteries), and multifunctional sensing modules (glucose, ascorbic acid, electrocardiogram, and electromyography). As a proof-of-concept application, the self-powered system is demonstrated to be worn on various parts of the human body for the real-time monitoring of health.