Integrating knowledge management and digital product passports to foster sustainable and collaborative ecosystems

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the potential of the digital product passport (DPP) to support circular and collaborative ecosystems within the fashion and cosmetics industries. By enhancing transparency, traceability and knowledge exchange across complex supply chains, the DPP is examined as an integrative tool embedding sustainability, open innovation (OI) and knowledge management into organizational practice. The research seeks to reconceptualize sustainability as not merely a compliance obligation but also an empowering process for both producers and consumers. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a mixed-methods approach, combining two online surveys conducted in the Italian fashion and cosmetics sectors with k-means cluster analysis, principal component analysis and logistic regression. This methodological framework enables consumer segmentation, identification of DPP adoption drivers and an evaluation of the interrelationships among DPP functionalities, sustainability practices and consumer profiles. Findings The results demonstrate that the DPP contributes to the circularity of raw materials, enhances supply chain resilience and facilitates the dissemination of shared knowledge. Two distinct consumer segments are identified: aware consumers, who are attuned to sustainability and digital innovation, and unaware consumers, who prioritize immediate, tangible benefits. Successful DPP implementation depends on aligning its technical capabilities with both organizational readiness and consumer engagement. Originality/value This research conceptualizes the DPP as a socio-technical and cognitive infrastructure integrating knowledge management, OI and circular economy principles. By emphasizing its dual technical and participatory roles, the research highlights the DPP’s strategic value in driving sustainable business transformation. Moreover, it offers actionable insights for promoting responsible consumption and advancing Sustainable Development Goal 12 through digitally enabled, knowledge-intensive collaboration across the value chain.