Chlorhexidine-Loaded Gypsum Chip as a Potential Adjunctive Therapy for Periodontitis

The potential of gypsum chips containing chlorhexidine (CHX) as an adjunctive therapy for periodontitis has not yet been explored. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop gypsum chips containing CHX as adjunctive therapy for periodontitis.Gypsum chips were prepared with water-to-powder (w/p) ratios of 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6. The 0.4 ratio, which exhibited the highest flexural strength, was selected for CHX incorporation at 0, 10, and 20% (Gyp-CHX 0, 10, and 20%). Microstructure was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Setting time was measured with a Vicat needle, and flexural strength with a universal testing machine. CHX release was quantified using UV-vis spectroscopy for up to 7 days, degradation by weight loss, and antibacterial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis by inhibition zone testing.The results suggested that the 0.4 w/p ratio showed the highest flexural strength (17.88 MPa). Incorporation of CHX reduced crystal size (8.17 µm at 10% and 4.84 µm at 20%), prolonged setting time (18.23 minutes in control vs. 61.11 and 75.95 minutes), and decreased flexural strength (6.52 and 4.30 MPa). Both Gyp-CHX 10 and 20% exhibited sustained release with an initial burst, progressive degradation over 7 days, and antibacterial activity, while no inhibition was observed in the control.CHX-loaded gypsum chips demonstrated sustained release and antibacterial activity, indicating potential as an adjunctive therapy for periodontitis despite reduced mechanical strength.