Summer activity and spatiotemporal co-occurrence of the long-tailed goral ( <i>Naemorhedus caudatus</i> ) and sympatric mammals in Jangsudae, Seoraksan National Park, South Korea

Abstract Understanding the activity patterns and spatial ecology of endangered species is essential for effective conservation management. We used camera traps to document summer activity patterns and spatiotemporal relationships of the endangered long-tailed goral ( Naemorhedus caudatus ) with co-occurring mammals in Jangsudae, Seoraksan National Park, South Korea. During a 98 days survey (Jun–September 2016), we recorded 213 independent goral detections across 18 camera stations, confirming widespread distribution. Gorals exhibited crepuscular/diurnal activity, with the highest spatiotemporal overlap with water deer ( Hydropotes inermis ) (spatial: 0.77; temporal: Δ = 0.85), followed by roe deer ( Capreolus pygargus ) and wild boar ( Sus scrofa ). Minimal overlap occurred with nocturnal meso-carnivores as Asian badger ( Meles leucurus ), leopard cat ( Prionailurus bengalensis ), and Siberian weasel ( Mustela sibirica ). This study provides essential baseline data on summer temporal and spatial ecology for this conservation-priority species, contributing critical information for monitoring programs and management planning.