Sweat Organic Metabolites Detection: Detection of Macronutrient Metabolism Contributes to Accurate Health Management

ABSTRACT The incidence of chronic metabolic diseases has been steadily increasing, driving the adoption of precision medicine. To address the growing demand for precise health management, the development of wearable devices capable of continuous, non‐invasive monitoring of macronutrient metabolites is crucial. Integrated electrochemical wearable sensors have become a revolutionary tool for biomarkers detection. Such devices have significant application potential in modern sports science, personal health management, and metabolic diseases care. Among these, sweat serves as an ideal medium bridging metabolic research and health management due to its unique ability to transport metabolic waste. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the application of portable sweat sensor in the study of the metabolism of three major macronutrients, with a focus on their application in different scenarios and the unique value for the prevention and treatment of different clinical diseases. By organizing content according to nutrient categories, the article underscores the irreplaceable role of macronutrient metabolites in precision health management, establishes a scientific research paradigm and practical framework for metabolic monitoring, and outlines a reliable pathway for translating metabolite sensing from laboratory research to clinical and daily health practice management.