Role of Domain Dynamics in Magnetoelectric and Magneto-Optical Coupling in Triglycine Sulfate and Its Impregnated Form

This work reports the experimental demonstration of magnetoelectric behavior in pure triglycine sulfate (TGS) and its cobalt ferrite-embedded form (TGSC). Both systems exhibit a linear magnetoelectric response, with TGSC showing ∼53% higher first-order coupling at room temperature. Strain measurement in a wide temperature range is commensurate with the observed magnetoelectricity. X-ray diffraction confirmed its phase purity, while temperature-dependent resistivity revealed contrasting thermally activated behaviors, below and above the ferroelectric–paraelectric transition temperature (obtained via dielectric measurement). Magneto-optical studies using red (633 nm) and green (532 nm) lasers revealed magnetic field-dependent modulation of transmitted intensity, with TGSC showing ∼2–2.5 times higher attenuation. Optical rotation further confirmed a magnetic field-induced enhancement of optical activity, strongly influenced by the ferrimagnetic phase. These results establish TGS and TGSC as promising magnetoelectric materials for multifunctional, field-tunable sensor and optoelectronic applications.