The Sukhdev Time-DE Model: A Time-Dependent Dark Energy Framework for Cosmic Expansion Publication Date

This research paper introduces the Sukhdev Time-DE Model, a phenomenological cosmological framework in which dark energy evolves dynamically through interaction with cosmic time. In this model, the progression of cosmic time generates an additional energy component referred to as "sprouting energy." This interaction modifies the effective energy density of the universe and influences the expansion history. The framework extends the standard cosmological model by introducing a time-dependent dark energy component and a coupling parameter describing the interaction between time and dark energy. The study explores the conceptual basis, mathematical formulation, and numerical behavior of the model and discusses its possible implications for cosmic expansion and the Hubble tension problem. This work aims to provide an exploratory theoretical framework for future investigations into dynamic dark energy models.