A Comparative Lexical Analysis of Three Hebrew Words for Axe (גרזן, מגזרה, and כילף)

Résumé:<br/>Cet article lexicologique et philologique se propose d’examiner trois mots hébreux anciens signifiant « hache » : גַּרְזֶן (Deut 19.5, Ésaïe 10.15), מַגְזֵרָה (2 Sam 12.31), et כֵּלָף [כֵּילַפֹּת] (Ps 74[73].6). Il compare ces trois mots et leur interprétation dans la Septante. Il explore les style, langue et contexte mettant en lumière les raisons possibles de la variété lexicale dans le MT et la LXX. Certains problèmes s'expliquent par la transmission textuelle, mais ces trois mots présentent d'autres difficultés dues à leur rareté et à l’évolution de la langue hébraïque, lesquelles sont à l'origine des interprétations anciennes.<br/><br/>Abstract:<br/>This lexicological and philological study analyses three Biblical Hebrew words meaning “axe”: גַּרְזֶן (Deut 19:5; Isa 10:15), מַגְזֵרָה (2 Sam 12:31), and כֵּלָף [כֵּילַפֹּת] (Ps 74[73]:6), tracing the usage of these words over time from Classical through Mishnaic Hebrew. The article compares three Hebrew words for “axe” and their treatment in Greek Septuagint renderings. Issues of stylistics, dialect and language, and contexts that illuminate possible reasons for lexical variety in MT and LXX are examined. A few errors and oddities may be better explained as issues in textual transmission, but overall, these three words for “axe” present special challenges of both rarity and language change in Hebrew, which help clarify some renderings of other ancient versions.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Bristol Research (University of Bristol)
Published
2025-09-23
DOI
https://doi.org/10.2143/se.66.0.3294588
Primary Topic
Biblical Studies and Interpretation
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

A Comparative Lexical Analysis of Three Hebrew Words for Axe (גרזן, מגזרה, and כילף)

Lindsey A Davidson
Bristol Research (University of Bristol)
Biblical Studies and Interpretation
article

A Comparative Lexical Analysis of Three Hebrew Words for Axe (גרזן, מגזרה, and כילף)

Lindsey A Davidson
article en

Abstract

Résumé:<br/>Cet article lexicologique et philologique se propose d’examiner trois mots hébreux anciens signifiant « hache » : גַּרְזֶן (Deut 19.5, Ésaïe 10.15), מַגְזֵרָה (2 Sam 12.31), et כֵּלָף [כֵּילַפֹּת] (Ps 74[73].6). Il compare ces trois mots et leur interprétation dans la Septante. Il explore les style, langue et contexte mettant en lumière les raisons possibles de la variété lexicale dans le MT et la LXX. Certains problèmes s'expliquent par la transmission textuelle, mais ces trois mots présentent d'autres difficultés dues à leur rareté et à l’évolution de la langue hébraïque, lesquelles sont à l'origine des interprétations anciennes.<br/><br/>Abstract:<br/>This lexicological and philological study analyses three Biblical Hebrew words meaning “axe”: גַּרְזֶן (Deut 19:5; Isa 10:15), מַגְזֵרָה (2 Sam 12:31), and כֵּלָף [כֵּילַפֹּת] (Ps 74[73]:6), tracing the usage of these words over time from Classical through Mishnaic Hebrew. The article compares three Hebrew words for “axe” and their treatment in Greek Septuagint renderings. Issues of stylistics, dialect and language, and contexts that illuminate possible reasons for lexical variety in MT and LXX are examined. A few errors and oddities may be better explained as issues in textual transmission, but overall, these three words for “axe” present special challenges of both rarity and language change in Hebrew, which help clarify some renderings of other ancient versions.

Bristol Research (University of Bristol)
Quality Education
Openalex Percentile: Top 2%
Biblical Studies and Interpretation
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.