Intestinal mucosal Schwann cell hamartoma

Mucosal Schwann cell hamartoma (MSCH) is a recently proposed disease condition. It is a benign neurofibroma that differs from neurofibromas present in type-1 neurofibromatosis. It is a form of polypoid lesion that develops in the mesenchyme, presenting with pure Schwann cell growth in the lamina propria and exhibiting diffuse S-100 protein staining. This study presents the case of a 51-year-old man, a patient who underwent routine endoscopy, which revealed a 0.5 cm polyp in the descending colon, followed by pathological and immunohistochemical examination, which verified the diagnosis of intestinal MSCH. During the subsequent follow-up, the patient had experienced no recurrence of this disease. This kind of benign intestinal neural lesion is uncommon and unique. This study aimed to increase awareness of this specific type of intestinal mucosal lesion, facilitating its identification in routine reports and revealing its potential clinical significance in the future. The diagnosis of MSCH is challenging and entirely depends on its pathology. This study enhances clinicians’ understanding of intestinal pathology, thereby improving their clinical expertise.