Methods of Enhancing the Solubility and Bioavailability of BCS Classification II Drugs

The solubility and bioavailability of drugs have a significant impact on their therapeutic efficacy, particularly for BCS (Biopharmaceutical Classification System) Class II drugs, which have low solubility and high permeability. Inconsistent bioavailability and a diminished pharmacological response result from poor solubility, restricting drug absorption. Many methods, such as solid dispersion, co-solvency, cyclodextrin complexation, supercritical fluid approaches, nanoparticles, and lipid-based formulations, have been developed to improve solubility and enhance therapeutic efficacy. The physicochemical elements influencing solubility, ways for overcoming low solubility, and the difficulties involved with these approaches are covered in this review. Enhancing the effectiveness of poorly soluble medications may be possible through the combination of sophisticated formulation techniques and a better comprehension of solubilization mechanisms.