Alcohol and the Heart: A Study of Echocardiographic Changes Among a Population of Male Consumers

Background: Alcohol intake has been implicated in various cardiovascular complications. However, limited echocardiographic data exist on habitual alcohol consumers within the Nigerian population. Echocardiography offers a non-invasive and reliable method for evaluating cardiac structure and function. This investigation explored the long-term effects of regular alcohol consumption on cardiac morphology and function, focusing on residents of the Rumuekini communities in Rivers State. Methods: Forty-eight adult males voluntarily participated in the study, each completing a structured questionnaire prior to echocardiographic assessment. Information on demographic profile, drinking habits, symptoms, and clinical examination findings was collected by a trained interviewer. Cardiac imaging was performed using an ATL high-definition ultrasound system, adhering to a standardized protocol. Measurements were compared with established Nigerian reference values for normal echocardiographic parameters. Approval for the study was granted by community authorities. Results: The participants had a mean age of 33.9 ± 16.1 years, average BMI of 23.83 ± 3.43 kg/m², mean systolic blood pressure of 129.8 ± 21.1 mmHg, and diastolic pressure of 77.48 ± 13.9 mmHg. The reported average daily alcohol consumption was 74.88 ± 45.5 units. Echocardiography revealed a mean left atrial diameter of 3.48 ± 0.45 cm, left ventricular mass index (LVM/BSA) of 181.2 ± 284 g/m², ejection fraction of 61.66 ± 15.1%, and E/A ratio of 1.48 ± 0.49. Conclusion: Regular alcohol consumption in this population was linked to notable alterations in cardiac structure and function affecting both the left and right sides of the heart.