The Effect of Motivational Interviewing on Vaccine Hesitancy: A Systematic Review Based on the 2010–2025 Literature

This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) in reducing vaccine hesitancy. Studies published between 2010 and 2025 were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases. Inclusion criteria were defined as English or Turkish publications reporting MI-based interventions and outcomes related to vaccine hesitancy/acceptance. Following the PRISMA 2020 statement, 23 studies were included in the review after removing duplicates from 312 records. The included studies were examined in five main groups: (1) delivery room/parent interventions, (2) primary care practices, (3) pharmacy practices, (4) healthcare worker training, and (5) mixed-context studies. MI interviews conducted in delivery room and pharmacy settings resulted in a significant increase in vaccine acceptance and intention. Although primary care practices improved patient-physician communication, their effectiveness remained limited. Healthcare worker training improved communication skills, but the reduction in vaccine hesitancy was generally limited. Motivational interviewing is a promising method for reducing vaccine hesitancy. Short-term interviews, especially at direct points of contact such as delivery rooms and pharmacies, yield positive results. However, randomized controlled and multicenter studies conducted in different contexts are needed to clarify long-term effects.