Holomorphic dependence for the Beltrami equation in Sobolev spaces
We prove that, given a family of Beltrami forms on <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-struck upper C"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathbb {C}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> with <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper L Superscript normal infinity"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> ∞ </mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">L^\infty</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> norm at most <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="eta greater-than 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi> η </mml:mi> <mml:mo>></mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\eta >1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and that live in and vary holomorphically in the Sobolev space <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper W Subscript normal l normal o normal c Superscript l comma normal infinity Baseline left-parenthesis normal upper Omega right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">l</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">o</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">c</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>l</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> ∞ </mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> Ω </mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">W_{\mathrm {loc}}^{l,\infty }(\Omega )</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> of an open subset <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="normal upper Omega subset-of double-struck upper C"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> Ω </mml:mi> <mml:mo> ⊂ </mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Omega \subset \mathbb {C}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , the canonical solutions to the Beltrami equation vary holomorphically in <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper W Subscript normal l normal o normal c Superscript l plus 1 comma p Baseline left-parenthesis normal upper Omega right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">l</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">o</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">c</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>l</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> Ω </mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">W_{\mathrm {loc}}^{l+1,p}(\Omega )</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , for some <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="p equals p left-parenthesis eta right-parenthesis greater-than 2"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi> η </mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>></mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p=p(\eta )>2</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . This extends a foundational result of Ahlfors and Bers (the case <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="l equals 0"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>l</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">l=0</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> ). As an application, we deduce that Bers metrics depend holomorphically on their input data.
Authors
- Nathaniel Sagman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8485-7073)
- Christian El Emam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5622-8499)
Institutions
- University of Luxembourg (LU)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society
- Published
- 2026-03-13
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1090/proc/17402
- Primary Topic
- Analytic and geometric function theory
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00