Anti-Thrombotic Activities of Veratramine via Inhibiting Platelet Aggregation and FIIa/FXa

These data establish VRT as possessing novel direct dual inhibition of thrombin and FXa alongside suppression of fibrin polymerization, platelet reactivity, and PAI-1 expression-positioning it as a promising multifunctional anticoagulant agent. While preclinical murine models preclude direct clinical translation absent pharmacokinetic data, these findings warrant further mechanistic and translational investigation.