Impact of a Prenatal Pedagogy Program Among Adolescent Mothers at a Public Hospital in Mexico City

Adolescent pregnancy remains a significant public health concern in Mexico and is associated with limited health literacy, reduced autonomy, and increased obstetric risk. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines adolescents as individuals between 10 and 19 years of age. The participants enrolled in this study were primigravid adolescents aged 14–19 years. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a structured prenatal pedagogy program on prenatal knowledge, satisfaction with childbirth, authority behaviors, and obstetric clinical outcomes among adolescent primigravid women. A quasi-experimental design was conducted from January to July 2025 at a secondary-level public hospital in Mexico City with 94 participants, divided into an intervention group that received a six-session prenatal pedagogy program and a control group that received standard prenatal care. Prenatal knowledge was measured using a validated 15-item questionnaire, childbirth satisfaction was assessed with the Mackey Childbirth Satisfaction Rating Scale, authority behaviors were evaluated through structured observation, and obstetric clinical outcomes were extracted from medical records. Data distribution was examined using the Shapiro–Wilk test, and intergroup comparisons were performed with Mann–Whitney U and Chi-square tests. The intervention group demonstrated a significant improvement in prenatal knowledge compared with the control group, as well as higher levels of childbirth satisfaction, with a greater proportion reporting very high satisfaction. Authority behaviors such as active participation and decision-making increased among those who received the program. Additionally, fewer adverse obstetric events, including preterm birth and low birth weight, were observed in the intervention group. The findings suggest that structured prenatal pedagogy enhances health literacy, promotes empowerment, and contributes to more positive childbirth experiences among adolescent mothers, while also reducing risks associated with obstetric complications. Integrating such programs into routine prenatal care may strengthen quality of care and support adolescent mothers in achieving safer and more satisfying childbirth experiences.