Evaluation of Natural Radioactivity, Radiological Hazards and Geostatistical Model of Soils in the Vicinity of Otukpo Rice Mill, Benue State, Nigeria Using Gamma-Ray Spectrometry

This study uses gamma-ray spectrometry to examine the natural radioactivity levels and related radiological risks in the soils around the Otukpo Rice Mill. The activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides (uranium-238 (238U), thorium-232 (232Th), and potassium-40 (40K)) were measured in soil samples taken from specific areas surrounding the rice mill. Radium equivalent activity (Raeq), absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose (AED), external hazard index (Hex), and internal hazard index (Hin) were calculated to evaluate possible health risks to employees and the community. According to the findings, 238U and 232Th show moderate levels of activity, while 40K contributes the highest concentration. The radiological hazard indices were below the globally advised safety limits, indicating low radiological risk. Inverse distance weighting (IDW) geostatistical analysis and predictive risk modelling show spatial variations in radionuclide distribution, with localised areas exhibiting relatively elevated values. The results emphasised the significance of ongoing monitoring of agro-industrial areas and offer baseline radiological data for the Otukpo Rice Mill environment. This study supports the region's sustainable land-use planning, public health protection, and environmental radiation assessment.