Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Effects of Adhesive Systems with Different pH Values on L929 Fibroblast Cells: An In Vitro Study

adhesive systems demonstrate cytotoxic effects in a concentration-dependent manner, and pH alone is insufficient to predict their biocompatibility. Monomer composition and formulation characteristics appear to play a more critical role in determining cytotoxic behavior. These findings emphasize the importance of appropriate adhesive handling and isolation techniques to minimize tissue exposure and enhance clinical safety.