6-mercaptopurine and tofacitinib alter microbial protein expression but not composition in fecal microbiota incubations from Crohn’s disease patients

Tofacitinib and especially 6-MP significantly affect microbial function, but barely microbial composition in vitro. These drug-induced functional changes may subsequently influence host physiology and potentially inflammation in CD. Our findings emphasize the relevance to include functional microbial studies when investigating drug-microbiota interactions. Further research is needed to elucidate the impact of 6-MP-induced microbial alterations on intestinal physiology and inflammation in CD.