Optimizing Emergency Priority Routing in WBANs for Healthcare Systems

In Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) for healthcare systems, efficient and reliable data transmission is crucial, particularly in emergency scenarios. This paper introduces a novel hybrid Whale Spider Wasp (HWSW) Optimization technique integrated into a Hierarchical Energy-Efficient Smart Routing Protocol (HEESRP) to optimize emergency prioritybased energy routing in WBANs. The proposed algorithm categorizes data into three priority levels–emergency data, ondemand traffic, and periodic updates–ensuring critical information is transmitted promptly while optimizing energy consumption. By utilizing a threshold-based approach, the model enhances network reliability, energy efficiency, and throughput. The HWSW optimization combines Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), Spider Optimization (SWO), and Wasp Optimization (WOA) to improve load balancing, route selection, and trust evaluation, resulting in reduced transmission errors and enhanced data delivery. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves up to 90% reduction in energy consumption, a 75% reduction in average delay, and near-zero packet loss, while also improving network lifetime and throughput by 3-5 times compared to existing protocols. These outcomes show that the proposed approach is highly efficient for real-time healthcare applications in WBANs, ensuring reliable and timely data transmission, particularly in energyconstrained environments.