Mitigation of tartrazine induced histopathological and genotoxic effects in Coturnix coturnix japonica using green synthesized silver nanoparticles

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are widely used across various fields due to their antimicrobial properties; however, their potential toxicity remains a concern. In this current study, Ag-NPs were synthesized with neem extract and determined through UV-Vis spectroscopy. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to confirm their structural and chemical properties. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of tartrazine on histopathology, and DNA damage in Japanese quails. A total of 336 one-day-old Japanese quails were classified into seven experimental groups as follows: Group 1 served as the control and was fed only a basic diet, while Group 2 received 10 mg/kg low dose of tartrazine, Group 3 received 20 mg/kg body weight of tartrazine, Group 4 administered with tartrazine low (10mg/kg) and AgNPs low (4 mg/kg) dose group, Group 5 received tartrazine low and AgNPs high (8 mg/kg) dose, Group 6 received tartrazine high and AgNPs low dose and Group 7 received tartrazine high and AgNPs high dose via oral gavage on daily basis basis until 45 days of age. Our results revealed that birds administered 20 mg/kg of tartrazine had significantly higher histopathological changes and DNA. These results suggest that group with tartrazine low and AgNPs high dose (group 5) has results near to control which shows that AgNPs effectively mitigated the effects caused by tartrazine as compare to group treated with high tartrazine dose.