Proof of a conjecture of Hong on nonsingularity of power LCM matrices on gcd-closed sets

For any integers <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="x"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">x</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="y"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">y</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , let <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis x comma y right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(x, y)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-bracket x comma y right-bracket"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">[x, y]</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> stand for the greatest common divisor and the least common multiple of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="x"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">x</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="y"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">y</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , respectively. Let <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="e"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">e</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="n"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> be positive integers. Let <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper S equals StartSet x 1 comma midline-horizontal-ellipsis comma x Subscript n Baseline EndSet"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo> ⋯ </mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">S=\{x_1, \cdots , x_n\}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> be a set of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="n"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> distinct positive integers. We denote by <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis upper S Superscript e Baseline right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(S^e)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-bracket upper S Superscript e Baseline right-bracket"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">[S^e]</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> the <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="n times n"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo> × </mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n\times n</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> matrix having the <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="e"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">e</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> th power of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis x Subscript i Baseline comma x Subscript j Baseline right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi>

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Journal
Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society
Published
2026-03-13
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1090/proc/17585
Primary Topic
Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
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article
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article

Proof of a conjecture of Hong on nonsingularity of power LCM matrices on gcd-closed sets

Guangyan Zhu, Jinmin Yu
Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society
Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
article

Proof of a conjecture of Hong on nonsingularity of power LCM matrices on gcd-closed sets

Guangyan Zhu, Jinmin Yu
article en

Abstract

For any integers <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="x"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">x</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="y"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">y</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , let <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis x comma y right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(x, y)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-bracket x comma y right-bracket"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">[x, y]</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> stand for the greatest common divisor and the least common multiple of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="x"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">x</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="y"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">y</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , respectively. Let <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="e"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">e</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="n"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> be positive integers. Let <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper S equals StartSet x 1 comma midline-horizontal-ellipsis comma x Subscript n Baseline EndSet"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo> ⋯ </mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">S=\{x_1, \cdots , x_n\}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> be a set of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="n"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> distinct positive integers. We denote by <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis upper S Superscript e Baseline right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(S^e)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-bracket upper S Superscript e Baseline right-bracket"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">[S^e]</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> the <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="n times n"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo> × </mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n\times n</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> matrix having the <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="e"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">e</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> th power of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis x Subscript i Baseline comma x Subscript j Baseline right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi>

Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society
Minzu University of China (CN), Northwest A&F University (CN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 19%
Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
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