Assessment of Supply Chain Management Practices and the Technological Environment: Evidence from Cote d'Ivoire's Manufacturing

The manufacturing sector plays a strategic role in Côte d’Ivoire’s economic development, yet its supply chain management (SCM) practices and digital adoption remain uneven. This study provides a rigorous empirical assessment of SCM practices and the technological environment in Côte d’Ivoire’s manufacturing sector, addressing a critical gap in the literature on digital transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa. Grounded in the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, the research draws on data collected from 386 manufacturing firms and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS. The findings indicate a moderate overall adoption of supply chain management (SCM) practices, with significant heterogeneity across dimensions. Internal integration and customer relationship management are relatively well developed, whereas advanced information sharing remains limited and supplier collaboration is moderate but not yet fully strategic. Technological readiness varies across firms, and structural gaps in digital infrastructure and inter-organizational integration persist, reflecting a fragmented and transitional environment. By offering a robust diagnostic baseline, this study contributes to SCM literature in an underexplored Sub-Saharan African context, clarifies how technological readiness interacts with SCM maturity, and provides actionable insights for managers and policymakers aiming to enhance supply chain performance, digital readiness, and resilience in emerging manufacturing economies.