Drone-assisted mineral alterations mapping in the Panagyurishte ore region, Bulgaria

This study evaluates the use of drone-based sensors and mineral detection techniques to map mineral systems in the Panagyurishte ore region, Bulgaria. By employing high-resolution spectral data from drones, we created orthophoto mosaics and three-dimensional thermal models. Integrating these datasets with field mapping and laboratory analyses, we provide rapid alteration delineation, mineralogical characterisation, and structural control interpretation relevant to exploring porphyry copper and epithermal gold mineralisation. Case studies from the Pesovets and Petelovo epithermal gold systems demonstrate the rapid identification of advanced argillic and argillic alteration assemblages, validated by X-ray diffraction and field observations and three-dimensional modelling. The mapped K-silicate, propylitic, and phyllic alterations in the Vlaykov Vruh and Tsar Asen porphyry copper deposits serve as pathfinders to mineralization for targeted exploration. The combination of drone-assisted remote sensing and mineral detection tools offers a cost-effective and time-efficient approach for alteration mapping, improved structural interpretation in the early-stage exploration targeting, and enhances geological understanding.