Exploring fetal skeletal alterations induced by gold nanoparticles in mice confirmed by laser speckle imaging and LIBS approach

The combined application of LIBS and laser speckle imaging proved highly sensitive in identifying early elemental imbalances and microstructural defects in fetal bone development following Au NPs exposure. These findings emphasize the value of advanced photonic and spectroscopic techniques for nanosafety assessment and underscore the necessity for thorough in vivo evaluation of the potential developmental risks associated with biosynthesized gold nanoparticles.