Time-Dependent Squeezing Flow of CdTe/ZnO~H ₂ O Hybrid Nanofluid Between Porous Plates for Photovoltaic Cooling and Solar Collectors

Photovoltaic cooling processes combined with solar thermal collectors in tools used in mining, etc., suffer from reduced efficiency because of inadequate heat dissipation under transient conditions. This is happening in the compact and porous geometries. To address these issues with advanced thermal management solutions, heat dissipation challenges under different conditions are adopted. The present investigation aims to analyse the time-dependent squeezing of water-based hybridized nanofluid comprising of cadmium telluride (CdTe) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles through two parallel plates embedding within the porous matrix. The objective is to quantify the enhanced thermal properties offered by hybrid nanoparticles under the mechanism of heat dissipation that relevant to solar energy systems. The proposed mathematical model presented in non-dimensional form is converted into dimensionless form by the suitable choice of distinct transformation rules. Further, simulation of the characterizing factors is attained numerically utilizing traditional fourth-order Runge-Kutta method associated with the shooting technique, and the physical behaviour of these factors is presented graphically. Model validation is performed through comparison with previously published results for the comparative analysis between single nanofluid and bihybrid nanofluid. The hybrid nanofluid consistently shows a higher Nusselt number compared to the conventional nanofluid, with the percentage difference ranging approximately from 12%-25% across the parameter variations. The improvement is more pronounced in the upperplate values, where the hybrid nanofluid reaches enhancements of up to 30%, indicating stronger thermal transport capability. Finally, by integrating advanced heat dissipation in the proposed model, which offers the development of photovoltaic cooling and solar thermal systems, contributes to sustainable and efficient energy solutions.