Synergistic Antibacterial and Pro-Healing Effects of a Novel Eugenol/Nano-Haliotidis Concha Electrospun Membrane for Vibrio vulnificus-Infected Wound

Wounds caused by <i>Vibrio vulnificus</i> (<i>V. vulnificus</i>) infection often exhibit delayed healing and are prone to complications, making them a significant challenge in clinical treatment. Current conventional treatments, such as antibiotics and gauze dressings, have limited effectiveness. To address this, this study developed a multifunctional fiber membrane using electrospinning technology. Micron- or nano-sized <i>Haliotidis Concha</i> (HC) and eugenol (Eu) were loaded onto the membrane to promote healing in <i>V. vulnificus</i>-infected wounds. The prepared fiber membranes exhibited diameters of approximately 0.35 ± 0.01 μm. Membranes loaded with nano-HC demonstrated significant antibacterial efficacy, achieving a 96.2% inhibition rate against <i>V. vulnificus</i>, which was markedly superior to the micron-HC group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Notably, the nano-HC/Eu membranes exhibited exceptionally high flexibility with an elongation at break of 878.1 ± 35.3%, while maintaining a tensile strength of approximately 2.2 MPa. Furthermore, these membranes exhibited excellent biocompatibility, with cell viability exceeding 85% for fibroblasts, and demonstrated good hemocompatibility. They also effectively promoted cell migration, indicating their potential as wound scaffold materials. In a <i>V. vulnificus</i>-infected skin wound model, the nano-HC/Eu fiber membrane accelerated collagen deposition and promoted wound healing, achieving a wound closure rate of 94.7 ± 1.1% on day 15. In summary, this study developed a multifunctional fiber membrane with antibacterial, antioxidant, and wound healing properties, offering a novel dressing for treating <i>V. vulnificus</i> infections.