Immunomodulation of the Ocular Surface in Severe Dry Eye Disease: Expert-Driven Literature Review on Treatment Strategies with Description of Representative Challenging Cases

Autoimmune-related DED requires a stepwise treatment regimen for the stabilization of the ocular surface and the prevention of irreversible damage. This approach involves an initial short course of corticosteroids, followed by sustained immunomodulation (with CsA as the cornerstone), and supplemented by adjunctive therapies targeting meibomian glands and ocular surface epithelium. Multidisciplinary coordination and regular monitoring are essential for maintaining long-term ocular surface homeostasis and satisfactory quality of life and visual function.

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Publication Details

Journal
Ophthalmology and Therapy
Published
2026-03-13
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-026-01348-7
Primary Topic
Ocular Surface and Contact Lens
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Immunomodulation of the Ocular Surface in Severe Dry Eye Disease: Expert-Driven Literature Review on Treatment Strategies with Description of Representative Challenging Cases

Botagoz Issergepova, Giuseppe Giannaccare, Tomasz Chorągiewicz, Dominika Wróbel-Dudzińska et al.
Ophthalmology and Therapy
Ocular Surface and Contact Lens
article

Immunomodulation of the Ocular Surface in Severe Dry Eye Disease: Expert-Driven Literature Review on Treatment Strategies with Description of Representative Challenging Cases

Botagoz Issergepova, Giuseppe Giannaccare, Tomasz Chorągiewicz, Dominika Wróbel-Dudzińska, Iryna Deryapa, Camelia Margareta Bogdanici, Kamila Kušev, Robert Rejdak, Luidmila Troychenko, Adriana Takáčová, Małgorzata Stawska, Gulnara Begimbayeva Yenbekovna, Zoltán Nagy, Maciej Kozak
article en

Abstract

Autoimmune-related DED requires a stepwise treatment regimen for the stabilization of the ocular surface and the prevention of irreversible damage. This approach involves an initial short course of corticosteroids, followed by sustained immunomodulation (with CsA as the cornerstone), and supplemented by adjunctive therapies targeting meibomian glands and ocular surface epithelium. Multidisciplinary coordination and regular monitoring are essential for maintaining long-term ocular surface homeostasis and satisfactory quality of life and visual function.

Ophthalmology and Therapy
Semmelweis University (HU), Medical University of Lublin (PL), Slovak Medical University (SK), University of Cagliari (IT), Kazakh National Medical University (KZ), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy (RO), University Hospital Bratislava (SK), International Laser Center (SK), Kazakh Eye Research Institute (KZ), Kazakhstan Medical University (KZ), Central Clinical Hospital (PL), Kyiv City Clinical Oncology Center (UA), Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine (UA), Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University (PL), Comenius University Bratislava (SK)
Good health and well-being
Openalex Percentile: Top 28%
Ocular Surface and Contact Lens
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