The value of NLRP, PCT, and HBP for sepsis-associated acute kidney injury and the effect of anti-inflammatory drugs

Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is one of the most common and severe complications in clinical practice, with high incidence and mortality rates. This work aimed to demonstrate the predictive value of the inflammatory factors nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein (NLRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and heparin-binding protein (HBP) for SA-AKI and assess the impact of anti-inflammatory drug therapy on its clinical efficacy. About 120 patients with SA-AKI admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were enrolled, and they were categorized into survival group (82 cases) and death group (38 cases) regarding the outcomes. The levels of NLRP, PCT, and HBP in the blood of both groups were measured, and receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted to evaluate the predictive value of mortality risk factors in SA-AKI patients. The SA-AKI patients received anti-inflammatory drug therapy, and clinical indicators were compared pre- and post-treatment. NLRP, PCT, and HBP in survival group were notably inferior to death group (P < .05). The survival group had greatly inferior acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II scores and sequential organ failure assessment scores to death group (P < .05). NLRP, PCT, and HBP showed positive predictive values for the prognosis of SA-AKI. After anti-inflammatory drug treatment, patients exhibited reduced levels of inflammation, improved renal function, increased urine output, rapid decline in serum creatinine levels, and milder renal injury (P < .05). The anti-inflammatory treatment exhibited a significantly higher overall efficacy rate in patients compared to those for whom the treatment was ineffective (P < .05). NLRP, PCT, and HBP, as inflammatory factors, have high predictive value for the early diagnosis and evaluation of SA-AKI. Anti-inflammatory drug therapy effectively reduces inflammation levels, improves renal function, and mitigates kidney damage in patients.