Is the process of successful sexual aging different in older partnered and non-partnered adults?

As populations in the Western world age, interest in the sexual health and well-being of older adults has grown substantially, yet positive models of sexual aging remain underexplored-especially across diverse relational contexts. To address this gap, the Successful Sexual Aging (SSA) model was recently proposed. This model conceptualizes positive sexual aging as a dynamic process involving three interrelated psychosocial domains: acceptance of physical and sexual changes, adaptation to those changes, and the presence of opportunities for sexual expression. These domains were operationalized as a latent construct, which was validated and explored for culture-specific elements in partnered older adults. Given the importance of a close partnership for older adults' sexuality, but also the fact that many older adults, women in particular, are non-partnered, the current study focused on the assessment of differences in positive sexual aging between partnered and non-partnered older German (N = 1,328, Mage = 69.2) and Croatian adults (N = 301, Mage = 68.8). Using measurement invariance testing and a network analytic approach, we identified important differences in reported obstacles to sexual expression between partnered and non-partnered older adults, and the robustness (connectivity) of the network of SSA-indicating items. Overall, SSA seemed to be somewhat more difficult for older non-partnered adults compared to their partnered peers. Although the 9-item measure of SSA can be used to reliably assess the process of sexual aging in both partnered and non-partnered older individuals, direct comparisons should be avoided due to partnership-specific properties of positive sexual aging.