CA-Adv: Curvature-Adaptive Weighted Adversarial 3D Point Cloud Generation Method for Remote Sensing Scenarios

Adversarial robustness in 3D point cloud recognition models is a critical concern in remote sensing applications, such as autonomous driving and infrastructure monitoring. Existing adversarial attack methods can compromise model performance; moreover, they often neglect the intrinsic geometric properties of point clouds, leading to perceptually unnatural perturbations that limit their practicality for robustness evaluation in real-world scenarios. To address this, we propose CA-Adv, a novel curvature-adaptive weighted adversarial generation method for 3D point clouds. Our approach first employs Shapley values to assess regional sensitivity and identify salient regions. It then adaptively partitions these regions based on local curvature and assigns perturbation weights accordingly, concentrating the attack on geometrically sensitive areas while preserving overall structural consistency through explicit geometric constraints. Extensive experiments on real-world remote sensing data (KITTI) and synthetic benchmarks (ModelNet40, ShapeNet) demonstrate that CA-Adv achieves a high attack success rate with a minimal perturbation budget. The generated adversarial examples maintain superior visual naturalness and geometric fidelity. The method provides a practical tool for evaluating the robustness of 3D recognition models in applications such as autonomous driving, urban-scale LiDAR perception, and remote sensing point cloud analysis.