Food Supply Chain Resilience in the Digital Era: The Roles of Supply Chain Security Strategy, Organizational Digital Adaptability, and Industry 4.0 Implementation

In response to escalating global volatility, organizations are prioritizing the adoption of Digital Industry 4.0 Technologies (DI4Ts) to improve efficiency and enhance decision-making capabilities. Refining Organizational Adaptation Theory (OAT), this research examines the factors influencing DI4Ts implementation success and their impact on organizational performance and resilience within Saudi Arabia’s food logistics firms. Using data from 191 managerial respondents processed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling, the findings indicate that dynamic digital capability and effective digital leadership significantly promote the implementation of DI4Ts. Additionally, supply chain security and anti-counterfeiting strategies were shown to exert a stronger influence on operational outcomes and organizational resilience than technology adoption alone. In an institutional environment characterized by a high food import reliance and strict traceability mandates, government policies moderate the relationship between organizational digital adaptability and implementation success. Our research outcomes establish a comprehensive framework for the incorporation of DI4Ts where supply chain security functions as a foundational capability predicating digital effectiveness.