Population structure, age distribution and sex composition of long-tailed gorals in Jangsudae, Seoraksan National Park, Republic of Korea

The long-tailed goral (<i>Naemorhedus caudatus</i>) is an endangered species in Northeast Asia and is threatened by habitat loss, fragmentation and human activities. This study investigated the population structure, age distribution and sex ratio of long-tailed gorals in the Jangsudae area of Seoraksan National Park, Republic of Korea, using camera traps and morphological identification methods. A total of 895 photos yielded data on 29 individuals, including 23 individuals aged > 1 year and 6 offspring, resulting in an age ratio of 3.8:1 (adult:juvenile). The population had a female biased sex ratio (0.3:1; male:female) in individuals >1 year old and no male in adult (3-10 years) and subadult (1-3 years) age groups. The age structure showed high number of older adults (i.e. 14) indicating a mature population, but limited number of young individuals suggesting survival challenges. The data on population structure and demographics of long-tailed gorals will be used as a basis for developing effective conservation and management plans for this endangered species. By showing population trends and reproductive dynamics, this study will provide insights for targeted conservation and long-term population sustainability.