A Culturally Congruent Psychosocial Intervention for Latino Caregivers of Children with Cancer: Formative Evaluation and Preliminary Efficacy

<b>Background</b>: Parents of children with cancer experience significant psychological distress that is associated with poorer health outcomes. A recent review of caregiver interventions illustrated none targeting Latino parents of children with cancer and a significant need for culturally congruent intervention approaches. <b>Aims</b>: Following our first paper in this issue describing the development of a community co-developed intervention to address psychosocial outcomes in Spanish-speaking Latino families impacted by childhood cancer, this second paper describes the formative evaluation and exploratory analysis of preliminary efficacy in a single-arm pre-post trial. <b>Methods</b>: A total of 32 Spanish-speaking Latino parents/caregivers of children with cancer received the 12-session intervention targeting health literacy, culturally congruent care, and caregiver well-being. Quantitative measures of health literacy and emotional well-being were collected at baseline, post-intervention, and 3 months post-intervention and mixed methods formative evaluation data were collected immediately post-intervention. <b>Results</b>: Mixed methods formative evaluation showed that the intervention was useful, helpful, and relevant. Exploratory preliminary efficacy data using a non-parametric Friedman test showed that health literacy doubled from pre- (33%) to post-intervention (67%) and was sustained at 3 months (X²(2) = 12.52, <i>p</i> = 0.002; Cohen's <i>d</i> = 0.65). Repeated measures ANOVA showed that emotional distress decreased significantly from baseline to immediately post-intervention with sustained treatment effects at 3 months post-intervention (<i>F</i>(2,62) = 4.37, <i>p</i> = 0.046; Cohen's <i>d</i> = 0.42). Satisfaction scores were well above treatment acceptability (<i>M</i> = 39.13, <i>SD</i> = 2.80). <b>Conclusions</b>: Implementation of a community co-developed intervention with the goal of achieving cultural congruency was feasible, likeable, and relevant for Spanish-speaking Latino parents and caregivers of children undergoing treatment for cancer. Moreover, the exploratory analysis showed the intervention was associated with improvements in health literacy and emotional well-being and high levels of treatment satisfaction.