Reconceptualizing General Business Development: Integrating Commercial Execution, Capital Allocation, and Organizational Capability

General Business Development is frequently treated in both academic literature and managerial practice as a loosely defined function, often fragmented across sales management, corporate strategy, and operational execution. This fragmented understanding has limited the conceptual clarity of the field and weakened its perceived strategic value within complex organizations. As a result, General Business Development is commonly reduced to growth-oriented initiatives without sufficient attention to how execution quality, capital allocation, and organizational capability jointly determine sustainable performance. This article reconceptualizes General Business Development as an integrated managerial system rather than a collection of disconnected activities. It argues that effective business development emerges from the coordinated interaction of three foundational dimensions: commercial execution, capital allocation, and organizational capability. Commercial execution translates strategic intent into consistent market-level outcomes; capital allocation determines the scale, timing, and risk profile of growth initiatives; and organizational capability shapes an organization’s ability to absorb, sustain, and replicate performance across diverse environments. By synthesizing these dimensions into a unified conceptual framework, the study challenges silo-based approaches to business development and proposes a holistic model suitable for multi-country and high-complexity organizations. The article contributes to the literature by repositioning General Business Development as a governance and decision-making function with enterprise-wide implications. Managerial implications are discussed, highlighting how business development leaders can move beyond short-term growth metrics toward long-term value creation, operational coherence, and organizational resilience.