Histopathological Assessments of Obese Rats Supplemented with Sargassum muticum from the Moroccan Atlantic Coast Show Reduced Obesity-Related Organ Alterations

Obesity is a chronic systemic disorder frequently associated with multiorgan complications of inflammatory and metabolic origin. This study aimed to evaluate the histoprotective effects of Sargassum muticum, an invasive brown seaweed harvested from the Moroccan Atlantic coast, in cafeteria diet-induced obese rats. Thirty-five Wistar rats were divided into five groups: standard control, obese control (cafeteria diet), two obese groups treated with Sargassum muticum at 10% and 20%, and one group treated with orlistat at 30 mg/kg. After eight weeks, tissue samples were collected for a histopathological analysis. In untreated obese rats, histological examination revealed multiple abnormalities, including submucosal edema, vascular congestion, gastric inflammatory infiltration, pulmonary hemorrhage and lipid vacuoles, as well as hepatic, cardiac, pancreatic, and testicular lesions. Treatment with S. muticum, particularly at 20%, markedly improved these alterations, characterized by a significant reduction in inflammatory infiltration, vascular congestion, lipid vacuolization, and tissue degeneration, together with improved preservation of tissue architecture. These effects were superior to those observed with orlistat. The anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and metabolic properties of S. muticum are likely due to its richness in bioactive compounds, notably phlorotannins, fucoxanthin, and sulfated polysaccharides. These findings confirm the therapeutic potential of S. muticum in preventing histopathological complications of obesity and pave the way for translational studies and potential nutraceutical applications in human obesity management.