Power–Frequency–Voltage Coupled Control of Virtual Synchronous Generators in Multiterminal DC Grids

ABSTRACT The virtual synchronous generator (VSG) improves the dynamic performance of the power electronic interface by mimicking the synchronous generator (SG) characteristics. In high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) links and multiterminal direct current (MTDC) systems, participating stations assist in DC voltage regulation, with the voltage outer loop parameters of the VSG impacting the system's stability. In current fixed‐parameter control methods, there is a trade‐off between swift reference tracking and high virtual inertia. The transient power response and angular frequency are at odds with voltage‐related power, whereas the damping coefficient of the voltage conflicts with the overall system performance. Consequently, this configuration hinders the reduction of bus voltage offsets and frequency dips. This study examines the influence of control parameters in multiport VSGs on power, angular frequency, and DC voltage stability. Additionally, a collaborative adaptive control strategy for VSG parameters is introduced to enable rapid power response and stable frequency support, maintaining equilibrium between power and frequency adjustments across varying operating conditions. This method ensures the DC‐side voltage stability while improving overall system performance.