Cross-cultural validation of children’s psychosocial impact of assistive device scale for Spanish population

Introduction Assistive products play a crucial role in supporting children’s occupational performance, participation, and quality of life by enabling engagement in daily activities, play, and learning. Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) printing have expanded opportunities for the development of personalized, adaptable, and cost-effective assistive products for children, highlighting the need to evaluate their real-world impact. Consequently, there is a growing need for child-centered outcome measures that capture how assistive products influence occupational performance and quality of life. Objective This paper aims to adapt and validate the Children’s Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Device Scale (C-PIADS) for children in Spain and determine a cut-off point for clinical use. It is a self-report five-point Smiley Face Likert-type scale with 15 items that evaluate the constructs of Competence, Adaptability, and Self-esteem using short sentences. Setting School. Participants The sample comprised a total of n = 57 participants residing in Spain and the majority of the Assistive Products were for mobility and writing. Results The psychometric validation process was preceded by a sequence of blind back translation, exploratory, and confirmatory factor analysis, tests of validity, and internal consistency analysis. The ROC curve method was used to determine a cut-off point. The results show good internal consistency score measured using Cronbach’s alpha (α = .90), McDonald’s ω (ω = .90) and test-retest reliability ( r = .88). Conclusions C-PIADS has good psychometric properties and is a useful tool for evaluating the psychosocial impact in Spanish context.