The effect of grafting MAH on the physical and mechanical properties of PBAT-g-MAH/Kenaf fiber composites

Abstract The effect of grafting maleic anhydride (MAH) on the physical and mechanical properties of PBAT-g-MAH/Kenaf fiber composites is investigated. PBAT, a biodegradable polymer with excellent ductility, shows limited stiffness and high cost, restricting its industrial applications. To overcome this, MAH is grafted onto PBAT using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as an initiator through a reactive melt-processing method. The introduction of MAH significantly enhances the interfacial adhesion between PBAT and Kenaf fiber, enabling effective stress transfer and uniform fiber dispersion within the composite. The optimized grafting condition is determined to be 0.3 phr DCP and 3 phr MAH. Furthermore, the incorporation of 4 wt% Kenaf fiber achieves a balance between mechanical reinforcement and rheological stability. Morphological analysis and property evaluation confirm that the grafting of MAH effectively improves the compatibility and mechanical performance of PBAT-based composites, offering potential for expanded application in eco-friendly packaging materials. Graphical abstract This study demonstrates the effect of maleic anhydride (MAH) grafting on the interfacial compatibility and mechanical properties of PBAT/Kenaf fiber composites. MAH improves adhesion and dispersion between PBAT and Kenaf fiber, resulting in enhanced stiffness and balanced mechanical performance. The optimized composition shows great potential for sustainable packaging and industrial applications.