Calcium supply promotes seed germination in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) by mediating amino acid and lipid metabolism to drive osmotic regulation and antioxidant responses

Exogenous calcium effectively promoted the germination of Tartary buckwheat seeds by mediating amino acid and lipid metabolism, thus regulating osmotic balance and the antioxidant defense system. The optimal treatment concentration identified was 3 g·L⁻¹ CaCl₂. This study elucidates the multiple mechanisms through which calcium regulates the germination of Tartary buckwheat seeds at both physiological and metabolic levels, providing a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the rational application of calcium fertilizers in Tartary buckwheat cultivation.