The Importance of HSI Implementation for Performance Optimization and Cost-Effectiveness in Defense Acquisition

Purpose: As Korea expands its defense exports, international customers are demanding systems that prioritize both performance and human-centered design. This study examines how Human Systems Integration (HSI) can support these goals while reducing Total Ownership Cost (TOC).Methods: This study reviewed HSI programs in the U.S. and the U.K., focusing on their integration into acquisition policies, such as DoDD 5000.01 and DoDI 5000.95. The study outlines seven HSI domains and discusses key activities, such as requirements definition, trade-offs, and verification, based on SAE 6906. The study also presents case studies on cost savings using tools like IMPRINT.Results: The early application of HSI optimizes design and reduces risk. U.S. cases demonstrate that HSI requires only 2–4.2% of development costs yet provides substantial returns by reducing manpower requirements and operational risks. These outcomes are particularly relevant to Korea, which faces workforce limitations and increasing export demands.Conclusion: To enhance readiness and remain globally competitive, Korea should institutionalize HSI in defense acquisitions. This includes forming specialized teams, updating legal frameworks, and integrating HSI with IPS and RAM-C. A localized strategy is essential for effective implementation and long-term cost efficiency.