Employees’ Perceptions of Organizational Readiness for Green Ergonomics: Development and Validation of the GEQ

Organizations face increasing pressure to reduce their environmental impact while preserving worker health, well-being, and performance. While sustainability research increasingly emphasizes organizational and human dimensions, validated tools assessing how environmental sustainability is integrated into ergonomic practice remain limited. Green ergonomics provides a systemic framework linking human factors and environmental objectives in sustainable work system design. This study aimed to develop and validate the Green Ergonomics Questionnaire (GEQ), a psychometric instrument designed to assess employees’ perceptions of organizational readiness to integrate sustainability into ergonomic practice. The GEQ was developed through a structured literature review, expert evaluation, and empirical validation using data from 412 employees across multiple occupational sectors. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a seven-factor structure including knowledge, training and organizational learning, organizational practices, perceived impacts, obstacles, organizational culture, and employee involvement. Reliability indices indicated satisfactory internal consistency (α = 0.78–0.86; CR = 0.80–0.88), and convergent and discriminant validity were supported. Overall, the GEQ provides a structured framework to assess employees’ perceptions of how environmental sustainability is embedded within ergonomic and participatory work system design processes, contributing to research at the intersection of ergonomics, sustainability management, and organizational change.