Public open spaces and well-being: a comparative study of migrant and local older adults in Dongguan

Introduction As China faces the growing challenges of population aging, understanding the subjective well-being of older adults has become increasingly important. This study examines the role of public open spaces in shaping the social well-being of older adults, with particular attention to the environmental adaptability and vulnerability of migrant older adults. Specifically, it compares the subjective well-being of migrant and local older adults and explores how access to and use of public open spaces influence their overall well-being. Methods A mixed-methods approach was adopted. A total of 325 neighborhood-based interviews were conducted in Dongguan. Qualitative data were analyzed using NVivo 12.0 for thematic coding to identify key dimensions affecting subjective well-being. Results The findings indicate a generally high level of subjective well-being among older adults; however, local residents reported more positive evaluations than migrant older adults. Public safety, environmental cleanliness, and accessibility were identified as major factors influencing well-being. In contrast, challenges related to modern information technology systems and recreational facilities varied between migrant and local groups. Discussion The results highlight the critical role of public open spaces in promoting social participation and enhancing the well-being of older adults. These findings provide important implications for urban planning and public policy, emphasizing the need to develop inclusive, age-friendly environments that support both well-being and social integration in urban contexts.