Tuning Fiber Membrane Multiscale Configuration via Lens Current to Enhance Single-Electrode Triboelectric Nanogenerator Performance

This study introduces a controllable magnetic field system (0–1.1 A) based on electromagnetic lens technology and proposes a synergistic “magnetic-electric-polymer coupling” regulation strategy, systematically elucidating the formation mechanism, multiscale structural evolution, and enhancement of triboelectric properties of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers during this magnetic field-assisted electrospinning process. The research achieves three key scientific advancements: (1) A precision control device based on electromagnetic lens technology was developed, enabling the coordinated regulation of jet dynamics, fiber morphology, and macroscopic properties through a single excitation current parameter. (2) A quantitative “current-structure-performance” relationship model was established, achieving minimized fiber diameter (281.3 nm), highest crystallinity, and improved mechanical properties (tensile strength of 2774.77 kPa, representing a 67.6% improvement over nonmagnetic conditions) under the optimized current of 1.0 A. (3) Cross-scale synchronous optimization from microstructure to macroscopic function was realized, with the assembled single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator (S-TENG) achieving an output voltage of 20.28 V (a 129.2% increase over nonmagnetic conditions) and demonstrating electromechanical response linearity (R2 =0.9528). Magnetic field assistance increased the jet curvature by an average of 51%, effectively suppressing motion instability while achieving control over membrane thickness (88.5–103.5 μm) and porosity (8.92%–45.74%). This work establishes a research paradigm and theoretical foundation for the controllable fabrication of high-performance nanofiber membranes.