Metasurfaces and Their Applications in Antenna Technology

ABSTRACT Metasurfaces, the two‐dimensional counterparts of metamaterials, have revolutionized antenna technology with their unique electromagnetic properties and unprecedented wave manipulation capabilities. In this paper, a comprehensive review is conducted, examining the fundamentals of metasurfaces, exploring their design principles, material properties, and functional mechanisms. By leveraging their compact structure, tunable electromagnetic response, and ease of fabrication, metasurfaces enable advancements in antenna efficiency, bandwidth, beamforming, and miniaturization. The review highlights recent developments in metasurface‐based antennas, including passive and reconfigurable designs, frequency‐selective surfaces, and multi‐functional systems for wireless communication, RF energy harvesting, and satellite applications.