Metaphor Components Identification with Feedback-enhanced Feature-driven In-context Learning

Metaphor, as a common type of linguistic expression, helps people intuitively understand complex concepts in communication, writing, and cognition. Metaphor components, including source-domain words and target-domain words, are critical elements for metaphor identification and interpretation. This paper focuses on metaphor components and proposes a metaphor components identification framework employing F eedback-enhanced F eature-driven I n- C ontext L earning (FF-ICL) based on the large language model (LLM). Specifically, in-context learning and feedback mechanisms inspired by human learning are integrated. Firstly, a machine feedback mechanism is designed to perform prior predictions on training samples, constructing a candidate demonstration pool enriched with prediction results and feedback information. Secondly, a multi-head graph attention network (GAT) is introduced to capture the linguistic and structural information embedded in metaphorical expressions, producing feature-rich representations and establishing a vector repository. Based on the repository, the framework retrieves demonstrations most relevant to the input query across different feature dimensions, incorporating in-context prompts to effectively fine-tune the LLM. Experiments and analyses on public datasets demonstrate the superiority of FF-ICL. Furthermore, the metaphor concept mapping experiment validates the crucial role of metaphor components in downstream computational metaphor tasks. Relevant data and codes are available at https://github.com/WXLJZ/FF-ICL.