Impact performance of topological interlocking plates: Insights from a geometric parametric study

Topological interlocking (TI) plates with curved interfaces offer a novel strategy for impact-resistant design, leveraging geometric confinement and controlled inter-element movement. This study develops a quantitative framework linking key geometric parameters, i.e., curve amplitude, element length, and element thickness, to impact performance of TI plates. Parameter sensitivity is efficiently quantified using the Taguchi method with an orthogonal design, and the evolution of geometric sensitivity with increasing impact severity is further analysed. Parametric analysis reveals that greater curve amplitude, shorter element length, and reduced thickness improve energy dissipation by enhancing interlocking and stress redistribution, although excessive values may induce premature local failure. Element thickness is identified as the primary factor controlling both energy dissipation and structural integrity. In addition, the critical inclination angle factor, a quantitative metric, is used to establish a direct link between element geometry and energy dissipation capacity. The findings of this study provide predictive tools and design references for optimising the impact performance of TI plates for diverse structural applications. • Comprehensive analysis of geometric effects on TI plate impact performance. • Identification of element thickness as the key factor in energy dissipation. • Influence of extreme geometry values in triggering premature localised failure. • Relationship between geometry and critical inclination angle factor. • Provides reliable guidance for optimising TI plates under impact.