A randomized controlled trial of seated Baduanjin and elastic band training on sleep and psychological needs in older wheelchair users

This study aimed to examine the effects of Seated Baduanjin combined with elastic band resistance training on basic psychological needs and sleep quality in older adults using wheelchairs. Forty elderly individuals in wheelchairs were randomized; 34 completed the study (experimental group n = 17, control group n = 17; 15% attrition). The experimental group received a 12-week intervention training (from June to September 2024), which included seated Baduanjin exercises and resistance training with elastic bands, three times a week, 40 min each session, at a moderate intensity (RPE 13–15); the control group did not receive any intervention. All participants completed the Basic Psychological Needs Scale (BPNS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis revealed a significant time (pre-post) × group (experimental vs. control) interaction effect. Further analysis demonstrated significant between-group differences post-intervention, with distinct within-group change patterns. with divergent within-group changes: the experimental group improved (PSQI: 7.9 ± 4.2 to 5.6 ± 4.2) while the control group worsened (PSQI: 7.5 ± 3.9 to 8.7 ± 4.1). Preliminary evidence suggests seated Baduanjin combined with elastic band training may improve basic psychological needs and sleep quality in wheelchair-bound older adults. Further validation with larger samples is warranted before clinical recommendation. Trial registration: This study was registered at the International Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Registry (No. ITMCTR202600039) on January 13, 2026.