Yucca plants: A comprehensive review of their biological, nutritional and phytochemical attributes

The Yucca genus, consisting of nearly 50 species, is among the most prevalent desert plant groups in North America. Yucca plants are perennial, succulent and shrubby, known for their longevity. They possess trunks that can reach heights of up to 10 m, occasionally branching and feature long, linear leaves arranged in a rosette pattern. Since ancient times, they have been used by indigenous cultures in arid regions to obtain fibre, as a building material for huts and livestock fences, as part of traditional medicine and their flowers are consumed as food. Amid ongoing climate change, the issue of water scarcity is becoming increasingly severe for humanity. Yucca plants have sparked great interest due to their ability to adapt to extreme climates. In recent years, there has been a growing focus on exploring the biological, genetic, physicochemical, nutritional, functional and other characteristics of Yucca plants. Our fast-paced lifestyles have led to an increase in processed foods, displacing the natural resources that have traditionally been part of our diet. The phytochemical richness of these valuable resources represents a nutritious and bioactive source that can be utilised by people living in arid regions. This paper reviews the biology, phytochemical composition and potential bioactive properties of Yucca plants, highlighting their value as natural resources addressing the challenges of environmental change. With proper management and the integration of scientific information, these resources can represent sources of marketing and economic income for the inhabitants of the regions where they are distributed, providing the basis for a better understanding of the formation, use and management of these valuable natural resources.